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▲高考英语语法必考知识点:完全倒装和部分倒装
完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
例如:The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装)
In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)
2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here,there和时间副词now,then开头,后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand(表移动或动态的不及物动词)等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装
5)在强调状语时1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为go,come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如:
1 Up went the plane.
2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注:如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如:
1 they rushed out!
2 he bent Lower and lower.
(2) 当句首状语为表示地点、方向等的介词词组时,句子须倒装。例如:
1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
3 当句首状语由“only +副词”,“only +介词词组”,“only +状语从句”构成时,句子须倒装。例如:
1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不属于完全倒装)
2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
(6)当句首状语为here,there,now,then等时,句子须倒装,主语是代词时,句子不用倒装。例如:
1)Here is a ticket for you.
2)Now comes your turn.
3)Here he comes.
(7)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中,句子须倒装。例如:
1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
注:在该结构中,“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。
.在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中,直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些
词语中,动词常在主语之前,主语是代词时,不用倒装。例如:
1)“What do you mean” asked Henry.
2)“What do you mean” he asked.
. often,many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时
例如:Often did they think of going there,but they never had a chance.
12.在as,though引导的让步状语从句中
在as,though引导的让步状语从句中,一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如:
1)Small as the atom is,we can smash it.
2)Big as the workpiece is,it is turned out with
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Out he rushed.
注意:
1) 在here,there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。若主语为人称代词,句子不倒装。
例:Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)
Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)
2) 当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。
例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸运,被一所名牌大学录取了。)
Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(中国典型的是相声表演,两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众)
13.有时为了使句子平衡,或为了强调表语,常把作表语的形容词,过去分词,不定式或介词短语置于句首,此时需用完全倒装。
Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:完全倒装和部分倒装
部分倒装
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活)
2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。) In no country other than Britain,it had been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化)
3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely…… when,never,no sooner…… than,rarely,no more,not nearly,not only等以及only。Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
4)一些如scarcely……when,no sooner ……than,hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。
5)此外,一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意:
a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装:例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:
例:It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)
c) 如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
例:Hardly any people invited went there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)
6) 由no matter how,however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句:
例:I know nothing about this river,neither how long,how wide nor how deep it is.(我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深。)
7) 由as引导的部分倒装句:
a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was),she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)
She charged the stairs,quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑上楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!)
b) 当 as引导让步状语时,和although,though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格)
c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
例:Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。)
d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是”
例:She worked hard,so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
so,neither,nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a) 当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:
He promised to finish my homework,so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分:
例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调,例如Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
d) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为:
1) 完全倒装时:表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例:You don't know what to do now,neither/ nor do I .(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。)
2) 和其它否定副词连用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒装句:
例:The besieged enemy could not advance,nor / neither retreat could they .(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)
注意:若把这句话改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)"就不必倒装。
She never laughed,nor did she ever lose her temper.
3) 用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装:
例:All that is true,nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。)
部分倒装作用
有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同:
例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我帮不了她。)
B: Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。)
2) 在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:
例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。)
3)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.
4)在文学作品中常出现倒装,有些是由于语法习惯,有些是为了简单的修辞,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不带走一片云彩).
不用倒装的地方
注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.
Only Wang Ling knows this .
如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,用倒装结构;主语是代词时,一般不用倒装。
" Let's go," said the man .
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:倒装句
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:省略句的类型和用法
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:省略现象
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:省略句
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