在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧，通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一块。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写，我们一起来看一看吧。
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇一
my telephone number is xxxxxxxx, if you have any special interesting, please tell your tour leader or me, we will try our best to make your stay in tai’an a pleasant one. we highly appreciate your understanding and co-operation.
ok. next time i must tell you that: the mountain tai is tall and steep, very steep in some places.
so you must pay special attention to safety, to do “walk not viewing, viewing not walk”, especially advantageous location, but also to “simply walk down, not looking up view”.
ok! now, i want to chat about the mountain tai with you. the mountain tai is located in the central of shandong province, east of the yellow sea, west of the yellow river. the mountain tai, ancient dongyue, also know as daizong、daishan. since ancient time, also know as“the five sacred mountains domination”. it formed 27 to 28 billon years ago, the total area of 426 square kilometers, 1545 meters sea level peak yuhuang ding. with the surrounding low mountains and hills, its relative height over thirteen hundred meters, which is giving a pull to sky momentum. based on the large and concentrated, giving a “rock solid” “heavy as mountain tai” natural feeling, so people warm to praise her.
therefore, the image of emperors became the spokesman for taishan, and left a lot of cultural relics in the number of mountains of the mountain domination position.
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇二
ladies and gentlemen,
on behalf of our travel agency , i would like to extend a welcome to you .wish you have a pleasant stay in chengdu .there is a saying that “once you come to chengdu ,you do not want to leave ” which reveal the charming of this city .
the splendid chengdu city is renowned for its fertile land and agricultural wealth .it is the capital of sichuan province and the center of its economy culture ,politics and information .with many images , chengdu is a colorful and charming city .city of brocade ,city of leisure and eden of the east are several of its widely spread names.
according to historical records “chengdu was built into a city with one year’s effort .and then ,it became the capital the next year ” in chinese ,chengdu literally means ” the becoming capital”
the total area of chengdu is about 12600 square kilometers , and the city proper occupies an area of 87 square kilometers .according to the recent population census ,chengdu ‘s entire population was close to 11000 million ,of which 1/6 live in the urban area .
lying in the eastern part of chengdu plain ,chengdu is strategically situated in western part of the sichuan province by the mingjiang river . it extends about 166 kilometers from east to west about 192 kilometers from north to south.
chengdu enjoys a generally subtropical and monsoon climate .therefore ,warm and moist weather dominate most days of a year .the four seasons are clearly demarcated ,the average annual temperature is around 16’c ,while the rainfall is about meters.
topographically speaking , chengdu is high on the relief map in the northwest but low in the southeast .the highest elevation is 5364 meters and the lowest 387 meters .the average elevation of the city is 500 meters . percent of the land area of chengdu is occupied by plains while 63 percent is hilly lands and mountions.
for the purpose of administration ,chengdu is spanided into 7 urban districts , and 12 suburban counties.
the municipal people’s congress as the legislative body which enacts all the local laws and supervises their execution is the supreme organ through which the citizens exercise their power .the municipal government of chengdu is the executive body of the highest organ of administration .the city flower is the hibiscus and the ginkgo tree is the city tree.
chengdu is honored as a city of lights ,a sea of flowers ,and a home of delicacies .in downtown area ,long and wide avenues dotted with green trees ,and pretty flowers are flanked by high-building .chengdu is a beautiful city full of vigor and vitality .besides drinking tea in the local teahouse ,and tasting local snacks in some special restaurants ,one can either taste the typical sichuan cuisine local wine and find out some local special products like shu embroidery ,bamboo-woven porcelain ware and lacquer ware ,you would be pleased to immerse into the local chengdu people’s slow pace of live.
the excavated remains from yangzi mount proved that there were human beings inhabited in chengdu as early as the later stone age
around 4000-5000 years bc ,in the news stone age ,people began to live in a much lager scale area ,their foot prints can be found in chengdu proper、xinjin chongzhou and many other counties .
around 400 years bc ,the king of the kaiming dynasty moved its capital to chengdu .since then ,chengdu has been the capital of sichuan area for more than 2000 years .what is more ,chengdu as a name for this city has never been changed.
in 316 bc libing built the dujiangyan irrigation system .by the mid of the eastern han dynasty ,the first public school in china was established by wen weng, a magistrate to the shu prefecture. thanks to wen weng’s promotion to education ,literati and scholars since then.
chengdu has been a city that many rebels fighting for during the war time .about 7 separated sovereigns were established when the central government was too weak to control this encircled mountainous area .in 24ad ,chengjia state was established in chengdu bu gongsun shu .in 221 ad ,the shuhan kingdom was built by liubei .in 907 ad ,mangjian established the former shu state in chengdu .in 934ad ,meng zhixiang established the later shu state in 994ad li shun established the da shun state in chengdu .in 1644ad ,zhang xianzhong had the daxi peasant sovereignty established in chengdu.
as we known ,that chengdu has been the formal name for this city since its born ,there are also many given nicknames, which tells us the history of chengdu city in a special way .the first city in chengdu built in qin dynasty was nicknamed as “the tortoise city ” , for people followed a big tortoise ‘crawling to build the wall.
in the western han dynasty, with booming economy , chengdu was a highly famed for brocade .the silk and brocade was sold for the overseas . so ,it was called “the city of brocade ”
as meng chang ,the king of the shu state ,ordered that the hibiscus planted along the city wall ,which made the forty kilometers of the wall as beautiful as brocade ,chengdu was known as “the city of hibiscus .”
nowadays , chengdu as a metropolitan in the western region is famous for its booming economy .in fact ,its glory could be traced back long ago .as early as western han dynasty ,chengdu with the population of 350000 was listed as one of the most flourishing cities together with luoyang linzi handan yuan .it was in tang dynasty that yanghzou was the most prosperous city while chengdu was in the second place .at that time , the long famed brocade in chengdu was booming with the developed economy together with paper ,silk, porcelain and the lacquer ware 1023 ad in the song dynasty , a special administration was set in chengdu to regulate jiaozi the earliest currency issued in china .when marco polo ,an italian businessman , arrived in chengdu in yuan dynasty ,he was deeply impressed by the prosperity and richness, which had been described vividly in his book ,travels.
with its flourishing economy , talented scholars were born in chengdu area . sima xiangru and yang xiong were the most prominent scholars in the han dynasty . in the following dynasty ,many of the talents either were native of chengdu or had certain romance with chengdu city .that all poets under heaven came to chengdu was the slogan at the tang dynasty .li ,dufu, and xuetao ,shushi and luyou just named a few .and zhangdaqian ,xu beihong ,guo moruo and marshal chengyi were the proud of chengdu city .
chengdu is proud of its cultural background and scenic beauties .we can see a clear history with all the sites and evidence that exists. on the vast and fertile chengdu plain ,there are many historic remains that reveals the past of this city .sangxingdui museum displays the ancient city ,ancient kingdom, and ancient shu ,which is considered as one of the ten most valuable discoveries in china . the jinsha ruin is anther important remain that has been discovered in recent years .the dujiangyan irrigation system built about 2000 years age contributes to the fertile land and agricultural wealth of chengdu . in chengdu city , we can visit the royal tomb of wangjian ,the wuhou temple ,the dufu’thatched cottage ,the river viewing pavilion park ,and qingyang temple .
around chengdu sity ,there are many beautiful and impressive natural scenery sports .such as mt emei , mt qingcheng ,mt xilingxueshan etc .those are the best choices to smell the fresh air.
the famous cultural city ,chengdu ,is not only known for her history of more than 2300 years ,but also noted for its leisure life style .chengdu portrays itself as the eden of the east ,for it is associated with leisure affluence and romance ,just like the orifinal garden of eden of biblical reputation ,leisure is definitely the true color of the city.
on a fine day , one can go to a plain tea house ,find a bamboo chair ,lie on it in the most comfortable position and order a cup of tea .you can half a dozen newspapers and flip through the pages as you like .you might doze off in all the comfort .you might slop tea while watching tea art or various performances ,such as the breathing of fire or acrobatics.
the leisure and idleness of chengdu is also reflected in various local snacks .the snacks are delicious yet inexpensive ,and a food break is a good way to kill time .after dusk in the summer, the native like to go out to sit on the dikes of the funan river to drink beer ,eat snacks ,and enjoy the slow pace of life.
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇三
london is a cosmopolitan mixture of the third and first worlds, of chauffeurs and beggars, of the establishment, the avowedly working class and the avant-garde. unlike comparable european cities, much of london looks unplanned and grubby, but that is part of its appeal. visiting london is like being let loose on a giant-sized monopoly board clogged with traffic. even though you probably won’t know where the hell you are, at least the names will look reassuringly familiar. the city is so enormous, visitors will need to make maximum use of the underground train system: unfortunately, this dislocates the city’s geography and makes it hard to get your bearings.
when to go
london is a year-round tourist center, with few of its attractions closing or significantly reducing their opening hours in winter. your best chance of good weather is, of course, at the height of summer in july and august, but there’s certainly no guarantee of sun even in those months and that is when you can expect the biggest crowds and highest prices.
great churches:
westminster abbey
a resting place of the royals, westminster abbey, is one of the most visited churches in the christian world. it’s a beautiful building, full of morose tombs and monuments, with an acoustic field that will send shivers down your spine when the choirboys clear their throats. the roll call of the dead and honored is guaranteed to humble the greatest egoist, despite the weighty and ornate memorabilia.
st paul’s cathedral
half the world saw the inside of st paul’s cathedral when charles tied the knot here in 1981. the venerable building was constructed by christopher wren between 1675 and 1710, but stands on the site of two previous cathedrals dating back to 604. its famous dome, the biggest in the world after st peter’s in rome, no longer dominates london as it did for centuries - a fact which irritates the bonnie prince’s sense of architectural harmony. visitors should talk low and sweetly near the whispering gallery, which reputedly carries words spoken close to its walls to the other side of the dome.
westminster cathedral is the headquarters of britain’s catholic church, and the only prime example of neo-byzantine architecture in the city. the interior is part splendid marble and part bare brick - the money ran out. the 14 stations of the cross sculptures by eric gill and the marvelously somber atmosphere make this a great escape from coach tourists and traffic alike.
kings & queens
the queen opened buckingham palace to the public for the first time in 1993 to raise money for repairs to windsor castle. the palace rates poorly compared to britain’s other stately homes. the interiors range from kitsch to tasteless opulence and reveal nothing of the domestic life of the royal family apart from a gammy eye when it comes to interior décor.
the tower of london, once a castle and palace, is now a beautifully preserved monument to cruelty. according to shakespeare, their wicked uncle, richard iii, slaughtered the young princes and heirs of edward iv here. the cells have played host to an illustrious crew which includes thomas more, anne boleyn, walter raleigh, rudolf hess and wham! bloodcurdling attractions include torture implements displayed in martin tower. don’t overdose on suits of armor, coats of arms or beefeaters and you’ll have a fun time. check out the ravens on the green: legend says that the day they desert the tower, london shall fall to its enemies.
parliament
the awesome neo-gothic brilliance of the houses of parliament has been restored thanks to a recent spring clean of the fa?ade. the building includes the house of commons and the house of lords, so the grandeur of the exterior is let down only by the level of debate in the interior. there’s restricted access to the chambers when they’re in session, but a visit around 6 pm will avoid the worst of the crowds. check the time on the most recognizable face in the houses of parliament, big ben.
downing street, the official residence of the prime minister and the chancellor of the exchequer, has been guarded by an imposing iron gate since the security forces realized that the lone iconic bobby outside maggie’s door was not sufficient to stop the ira mortar bomb attack in xxx.
museums & their booty
the british museum is the oldest, most august museum in the world. it is so big and so full of ’stuff’ collected by victorian travelers and explorers that visitors often make the mistake of overdosing on the antiquities. see as much as you want to see, not as much as you believe you should. highlights include the weird assyrian treasures and egyptian mummies; the exquisite pre-christian portland vase and the 2000-year-old corpse found in a cheshire bog.
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇四
tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. with its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. historical relics, natural scenery, temples, churches, assembly halls and commemorative sites of the chinese revolution will illuminate tianjins past, present and future. tianjin is honored as building museum as it was occupied by nine imperial powers before the founding of the new china, leaving behind many buildings with extraordinary and exotic architectural styles, a real feast for the eye! in the following text let me give you a brief introduction to the jinmen shijing (top ten scenic attractions in tianjin).
located in the mountainous area of tianjins northern ji county, the huangyaguan great wall was first built during the northern qi dynasty (550 - 557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the ming dynasty (1368 - 1644). when appointed as the chief commanding officer in the ji garrison (one of the eleven garrisons of the ming dynasty), qi jiguang added watch towers and other defensive works.
the huangyaguan great wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites in tianjin. it is considered to be a miniature of the great wall. the entire section is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. being endowed with both natural beauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot and a summer resort. the major scenic area is composed of huangyaguan pass and taiping mountain
six miles southeast of huangyaguan pass is the taipingzhai great wall, another important mountain
covering an area of 106 square kilometers (about 26193 acres), mt. panshan scenic area is located in jixian county, 110 kilometers ( miles) away from tianjin, 88 kilometers ( miles) away from beijing. as the name suggests, the scenic area is mainly mt panshan–oriented. endowed with natural beauty and a historical heritage, mt panshan is known as the first mountain east of beijing and is listed as one of the top fifteen mountains in china.
the mountain acquired its present name, early in the eastern han (25-220). taizong , the second emperor of the tang dynasty (618-907), was prodigal of his praise of its scenery on his chance visit when he led the army in a campaign. seventy-two temples, thirteen pagodas and numerous xanadus and towers were built on the mountain in the ming dynasty (1368-1644) and the qing dynasty (1644-1911). qianlong, a brilliant and wise qing dynasty emperor was so impressed that he made thirty or so visits and wrote 1366 poems to express his admiration of the area. in the first half of the twentieth century, the whole resort all fell to ruin due to hostilities and neglect. it has undergone a process of restoration since the 1990s and is now regaining its fame.
it is famous for jade pine trees, strange and astonishing peaks, clear waters, grotesquely shaped rocks and clusters of ancient temples. on the mountaintop, numerous pines hide the sky from view and block out the sunshine. rugged rocks in a variety of shapes, some of which resemble a toad, a general or a boa, will greet you in the middle of the mountain. at its foot, clear water splashes on the rocks. the mountain consists of five peaks, with the main one, guayue (moon hanging) peak. although guayue peak is only 857 meters ( feet) above sea level, to the north it is possible to see a section of the great wall while to the west mt taihang can be seen.
from the wei state during the three kingdoms period (220-280) onwards, emperors enthusiastically commissioned the building of temples, towers and xanadus resulting in over 160 such sites. there are four main temples: tiancheng temple (god proposing temple), yunzhao temple (cloud-hiding temple), wanfo temple (ten thousand-buddha temple) and wansong temple (ten thousand-pine temple). tiancheng temple built in the tang dynasty, was enlarged and repaired in the ming and the qing dynasties. to the east of this temple stands the ancient dagoba. as the biggest tower in this mountain, it has thirteen floors. the roof of the yunzhao temple was a golden yellow, a color that normally was only allowed to be used on imperial buildings. by granting permission for this, emperor qianlong demonstrated his approval and admiration of the mountain. wanfo temple (ten thousand-buddha temple) has 10,960 small buddhas statues.
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇五
friends, hello! now we already arrived the huangshan mountain scenic spot southern region strategic place soup mouth. first introduces the huangshan mountain scenery in here to you the survey.
huangshan mountain, is located south the chinese anhui province, is the chinese nanling sierra the part, entire mountain area approximately 1,200 square kilometers. the huangshan mountain mountain system center-section, is huangshan mountain’s essence are partial, also huangshan mountain scenic spot which must tour on us, area approximately 154 square kilometers. it within the boundaries of huangshan mountain city, south neighbour she county, huizhou area, xiuning county and yi xian, north continually yellow mountainous area; these five counties, the area also all belong to the huangshan mountain city jurisdiction.
huangshan mountain in chinese tang dynasty before is called the mountain, is the black appearance, because on the mountain the rock blue black is blue black, the ancient gives it such name. the fable we chinese race’s ancestor shaft yellow emperor in completes the area south of yellow river to unify after industry, founds the chinese civilization, arrives here to pick the medicine to build up dan, takes a bath in the hot spring, thus obtains enlightenment the immortal. tang dynasty renowned emperor ming huangli the prosperous base extremely will believe this view, (747 years) has gotten down together the imperial edict in six years, the mountain will change name huangshan mountain. the meaning is, this mountain is yellow emperor’s mountain. from then on, huangshan mountain this name one until now.
the friends, you are not far thousand, even wan lidao here, must look at huangshan mountain with own eyes the america? not is must feel a time of life to be joyful? yes, huangshan mountain is certainly beautiful certainly beautiful, may say the day wonderful mountain, can ascend a height to get a broad view it, has a look it with own eyes, truly is a life big happy event. before the very long long time, in the long geologic history generation, the nature infinite strength, has molded the huangshan mountain that certainly beautiful elegant demeanour and all sorts of unusual landscapes very much, makes one fall, is elated.
huangshan mountain’s america, first on beautifully in its high peak. here competes xiu, feng feng expresses admiration, respectively has the characteristic, each charm. the huangshan mountain high peak has how many, but also does not have an accurate numeral. in the history successively names has 36 big peaks, 36 small peaks, recent years also had 10 famous peaks to be selected "the huangshan mountain will". this more than 80 mountain peaks high overwhelming majority above the elevation kilometer, lotus flower peak is all highest (1,864 meters), the light goes against is next (1,841 meters), the day all peak rank ( meters), these three big peaks and the graceful bearing outstanding beginning letter peak (1,683 meters), are huangshan mountain’s friends, even if mounts in these four high peaks, also calculated.
under, i "four certainly" separately make again huangshan mountain an introduction.
said huangshan mountain "four certainly", arranges at first working as is the wonderful pine. yellow pinus montana wonderfully in what place? first is wonderfully in it vitality, you saw have had no alternative but to express admiration. generally said that, every has the earth the side to be able to leave the vegetation and the crops, but the yellow pine is long comes out from the hard yellow hillock rock. huangshan mountain everywhere all is growing the pine tree, their long peak, the long sheer precipice, is long in the glen, green and luxuriant, full of vitality. since 1100, they were split open like this from the rock, the root deep deeply gripped in the rock seam, did not fear barren was arid, did not fear the wind and thunder sleet, natural, unyielding. you can say is not wonderful? next is, yellow pinus montana also wonderfully in it that unique natural modelling. from generally speaking, yellow pinus montana’s needle short and heavy dense, ye senong green, the trunk and branches tune lives, crown flat, appears one kind simply, steady, the vigorous imposing manner, but each pine tree, each pine tree, in the appearance, is mad in the rhyme, also is each every different, all some one kind of unusual america. the people according to them the different shape and the charm, separately gave them to get up has been appropriate from however the elegant interesting name, like received a guest the pine, the black tiger pine, the pine, long zhuasong, searches korean pine, unity pine and so on. they are the huangshan mountain wonderful pine’s representative.
the strange stone, is constitutes the huangshan mountain beautiful scenery one "certainly". everywhere all may see in huangshan mountain wonderful shape strange rock, these strange stone appearances infinitely varied, some picture people, some picture thing, some have the reflection certain myth fables and the historical story, lifelike, vivid were all interesting. in 121 famous stones, well-knownness higher some having "fly the stone", "immortal play chess", "the magpie ascend the plum", "the monkey view sea", "immortal expose to the sun the boots", "the penglai three islands", "the golden rooster are called the fontanel" and so on. these strange stones have are the colossi, some marvelous exquisite; some independences become the scenery, some are several combinations or with the wonderful pine ingenious knot synthesis scenery. also a strange stone because watched the position and the angle has changed, the appearance also had the change, has become stone two scenery, if "the golden rooster was called the fontanel" also to call "five old heavens all", "the magpie to ascend the plum" also to be called "immortal to refer to the road" is moves step trades the scenery the reason. also some strange factories, looked under the dissimilar condition, can produce cannot association, thus also had the different name, if "the monkey view sea" also is called "the monkey to look peace" then is.
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇六
the exhibition of inscribed bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to changsha museum. well be here to visit “the exhibition of inscribed bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha and the years of unearthed most valuable cultural relics”. i hope my explanation can satisfy you!
now, we are in the first exhibition hall. here, it adopts panoramic technique, and restores the site of unearthing bamboo tablets of wu kingdom. in 1996, during july to november, in the southeast of wu yi square, team up with ping he tang department. the exhumations were carried on by changsha relics work teams. they unearth 61 archaic wells during the
warring states period and the ming and qing dynasty, and found out 3000 kinds of relics, like copper, iron bamboo, wood, ceramics, and so on. to people’s astonishment, in the archaic well, they found lots of bamboo tablets and wooden
slips. after confirming, they are the relics of sun wu in three kingdoms 1700 years ago. these patches of relics would replenish the lacked historical materials of three kingdoms exactly. our country once had four discoveries: the oracle bone inscription of yin, bamboo tablets and wooden slips of tunxu in northwest china, cultural books of dunhuang stone room, files of qing cabinet. bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha can be mentioned in the same breath with the four discoveries, and become the searching subject of international academia.
everybody! please look at the cross section reconstruction of the archaic well. its upper part of opening was damaged when it was excavating. this is an irregular circular shape vertical shaft; the bottom has a bag form likely. the opening of the well has a length m from south to north, m from east to west, and m in depth. the opening is covered with pure red brown color clay, m deeper of which is the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer. the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer is 50 cm thick in center and 20 cm thin on all sides, piled up with slope form. the ropes tied the bamboo tablets and wooden slips have become rotten, but we can see they were buried by bundles at that time. there are more than 10,000 pieces of bamboo tablets and wooden slips by the initial statistics. the second layer is the gray brown clay layer of m thick, among them mix up
with lots of bamboo wood scrapes, grass scrapes, leaves, fragmentary bricks, pottery and porcelain and so on. at the bottom of the well is another small well, which has square wooden frame. the four corners are nailed by a stick of spile inlayed with two wooden boards as the well wall. the circle of the well is 93 cm long, 58 cm tall. the function of this small well is probably for gathering the groundwater from all sides of the well, and then put forward to pour out with water pitcher and other tools in order to maintain the well space dry. this is the living photo taken by the time of excavating.
analyzing the structure and relics of the well , it is an ancient well for storing food. the climate of changsha is so hot, wet and rainy that the food is easy to be rot, but the circumstance under the ground of 10 m depth is just like as a modern refrigerator. the archaeological discoveries approved that people had used this storing method from the time of shang dynasty.
you may ask that, why were the bamboo tablets of wu kingdom buried in the well? there are two statements. the first one considered that in the period of three kingdoms, there were so many wars, the suddenly burst-out war made people bury them here in a hurry. the other considered that to bury them in the well may be a way of dealing with the records in the past.
now please look at the photo. this is the photo of unearthing the well. we can see that the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the mud. why can they be kept intact for over 1700 years? one of the important reasons is that the ground water level in changsha was very high, and the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the water. besides, they were buried deeply; they can be sealed up wall. with these, they can be kept intact for over 1700 years.
next, let’s visit the second exhibition room. in this room we can get the detailed introduction of the bamboo tablets and wooden slips. before we visit, i have a question to ask. do you know whether the words on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were written or carved on them? with the question, let’s look at the photo of the pottery figurine. this pottery figurine was unearthed in a western jin tomb in jinpenling in changsha in 1950s. on the left of the photo there is a man handing a wooden slip and reading something, the man on the right who were holding a hair pencil in a hand and a wooden slip in the other was writing something. the pottery figurine shows us the condition of ancients writing on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips. now, we can say, the word on the bamboo tablets and slips were written on them. did you guess it?
to see another set of photos. this is a hair pencil unearthed from one of the tombs of the warring state at zuojiagong mountain of changsha in 1954. its shaft is long and small but easy to be broken. on the side of it there is a bamboo pipe used for containing the pen when it is collected and preserved. this is an ink stone with little ink blocks near it. here also remains a bronze chopping knife which is used for the calligrapher to make inscribed bamboo and wooden slips and correct writing mistakes. this is a set of photos of calligraphy tools discovered in tomb in jinan city of former capital of chu state. in addition to this, there are 6 pieces of wooden slips without character. this is also the most complete and most typical set of han dynasty’s stationery ever seen up to now. uniting our ancient people calculates the number of the inscribed bamboo tablets and wooden slips are not “slice”, but “jin”. it is recorded in history that the 1st emperor of qin dynasty did not have a rest until he finished reading over 120 jin of memorial to throne and inscribed bamboo and wooden slips.
please notice the following brief tablet about information of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from all parts of the nation from this century. among this, the column in red character is the number of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips excavated from changsha this time. the number this time has exceeded the total amount of that unearthed from all parts of the nation these years. therefore, it is named as “the surprising wonder of the world”and “one of the most important archaeological discoveries of this century.”
it is well known that document history in the three kingdom period handed down is very rare.”the annals of three kingdom”by chenshou in xijin has 65 volumes, among which there are 30 volumes of wei book, 15 volumes of shu book, 20 volumes of wu book with total of more than 1 million characters. over the years, the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets in nationwide archaeology is also rarely seen and only exist tens of pieces in anhui, jiangxi and hubei .but nowadays in changsha, the total number of the excavation of the inscribed bamboo from wu state in three kingdom period reaches 10 thousand pieces for just one time and the total wordage reaches more than 3 million if counted with 20 words in each piece. these character materials greatly surpass the total wordage in that of the “annals of three kingdom”, which offers abundant material for the study of social economy, political system, inscribed bamboo and volume system, history and geography and also fill the vacancy of historic works. we can forecast that the discovery of inscribed bamboo slips from wu state in changsha will surely influence many aspects of the chinese historic study and anew examining and verifying the past final conclusion.
well, let us have a look at this map. though the series archaeological excavation around the “wuyi square ”by our archaeological workers, we have preliminarily defined the region of the ancient changsha .it extends northward to “lao zhaobi ”, southward to “pozi street”, eastward to “cai’e road”and westward to “shanghe street”which shaped rectangle. and the center of changsha is today’s “wuyi square, which, we can say, hasn’t changed basically nearly 3000years.
the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets for this time, if according to their shape, they can be distributed to big and small inscribed bamboo slips, wooden tablets and so on; if according to their use, they can be distributed to five kinds:
the first kind is document. it can be subspanided into two parts. one is the land rent document with long, wide and 100 to 200 chinese characters on. the other is the official document which recorded the distribution and exchanging of money, crops, and goods among different governmental setups. please look at this smaller slice. it is a classified label. it shows us a monthly report recorded by two officials named huang wei and pan lv in the first year of jia he period.
second, about judicature, which recorded some detail contents and economic cases, such as the trying, appealing and reexamining? what’s on this wooden tablet is an inspanidual case about a du you. du you is a kind of government official. he was sentenced to death for his corruptness of salt, but he was not convinced and appealed to a high court. however, the reexamining did not make the judge change. so he had nothing to do but accept.
the third kind is directory, somewhat like the household and registered books today. let’s look at this slice. here the chinese character “rong li”was a name of some place in changsha. this whole sentence means there is a man named he qin, 55 years old, lived in rong li. his dukedom is gong cheng. and here "suan yi" means can be counted as one of a taxpayer;" xing liang zu" refers to whose legs had been cut off. the directory served as a registered permanent resident, which put down people’s name, age, position and something we can’t find in our registered permanent resident---physical condition.
the fourth one is calling card. it mainly referred to paying respect, giving gift and administrative affairs, as visiting cards we use today.
the last kind is the wooden tablet on account which recorded the managing account of departments belongs to changsha government.
please look at these historical relics again. this blue and green porcelain in the three kingdoms and tow jin dynasties were discovered in zoumalou ancient well. look, their glazed colors is sparking and crystal-clear, the decorate are simple and element. the second among them is called "chichen-head potting", the potting is coronal form, guides the neck and proceeded high, and the modeling of it is very beautiful. these potting were very popular in jin dynasty. they were used as pitcher and chalice.
everybody has seen many photos, has listened to so much explanation, now we come to see the original of the bamboo slips, wooden tablets or slips for writing.
now, you see in the pyramid shape exhibition cupboard, it is a bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips original that explored in zoumalou in the ancient well of the building this time. the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are the material that the ancient remains of our country come down to write. among them the narrow and long bamboo, the wood chips are called "jian", the generous wood chips called "du". you must distinguish one from the other, not wood make are named "du", what bamboo make named "jian". jian has the wooden one, too. ok, the right side of i there set some inscribed wooden tablets, the middle are heavy inscribed wooden slips. in the left, they are bamboo slips that pressed under the transparent glass. the characters on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are simple and clear. it’s easily can be distinguished. the script is the transition from lishu to regular script.
these kinds of inscribed wooden slips and inscribed wooden tablets are made in shirt woods. the quality of these trees is pre-pressing. it is intact to keep. the raw materials of inscribed bamboo slips is bamboo whose quality is loose, apt and crooked and out of shape, so it in displaying and need press when exhibiting. the ancients have several procedures to make the bamboo slips. first, they cut the bamboo into bamboo slips, and then burnished them in order to make them smooth, these smooth slips called “jian”. but people could not write on the wet bamboo slips. then, they roasted dry the wet bamboo slips. while roasting, there was some water steaming out. the water looked like sweet, so people called those “sweet qing”or “sha qing”.
the “guo ling ding yang”of wen tianxiang said that “since ancient times, who has no death? remaining sincere heart to finish ‘sweet qing’.
bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha has very strong historical value, article value and scientific value, so the provincial leaders, city leaders and related experts decided to set up an exhibition of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇七
luoyang travel guide
located in the west of henan province in central china, luoyang occupies quite an important geographic location. it is in the middle reaches of the yellow river and is encircled by mountains and plains. to its east and west are the hu lao pass and han gu pass which were essential domestic transportation junctions in ancient times. to its north, mengjin county was an important ferry crossing of the yellow river. thus, luoyang was selected as the capital city by 13 dynasties starting from the xia dynasty (21st-16th century bc) in the 21st century bc. in the period following the han dynasty (206bc-220), and particularly during the sui (581-618) and tand (618-907) dynasties, the city experienced a period of growth and prosperity and ranked as one of the international metropolitans of the time.
its long history endows luoyang with a profound sense of culture. the city is the cradle of chinese civilization where many chinese legends happened, such as nvwa patching the sky, dayu controlling flood and the chinese ancestor huangdi establishing the nation. the city is also famed as the poets capital as poets and literates of ancient china often gathered there and left grand works, including book of wisdom (daode jing), han history (han shu) and administrative theory of admonishing official (zi zhi tong jian). religious culture once thrived here. taoism originated there and the first buddhist temple set up by the government was located there. luoyang is also the hometown of many of the scientific inventions of ancient china, such as the seismograph, armillary sphere, paper making, printing and the compass.
luoyang has rich historical and cultural sites. the longmen grottoes are one of chinas three most precious treasure houses of stone sculptures and inscriptions. the white horse temple is the first buddhist temple and is honored as the cradle of buddhism in china. mt. mangshan is where ancient tombs of emperors, nobles and literates in the past dynasties collected. the luoyang ancient tombs museum is the worlds first example of the kind and presents thousands of treasures discovered in the tombs. shaolin temple is the place of origin for chinese zen buddhism and the cradle of chinese martial art. landscapes in luoyang hold the same attraction as the cultural sites. white cloud mountain, funiu mountain, long yu wan national forest park, ji guan limestone cave and the yellow river xiaolangdi scenic area are all worth a visit. additionally, luoyang is particularly well known for its peonies. every year in april, the flowers blossom and attract tourists from all over the world. dining in luoyang is quite an enjoyable experience. various kinds of local dishes, including water feast, yan cai and others which use the famous yellow river carps as an ingredient, together with the uniquely flavored soups, will greatly satisfy your taste buds. luoyangs local specialties such as palace lanterns, bronze vessels and tri-colored glazed potteries will no doubt delight your eyes and offer you ideal souvenirs. being a modern city as well, luoyang has hotels of all standards which provide you quite a broad choice for your stay. most of the hotels have reasonable room prices and perfect services.
transportation is well developed in luoyang. beijiao airport has many domestic flights extending to many large cities in other provinces. its also very easy to get to luoyang by train because one of chinas most important railway lines long hai railway traverses the city and connects most cities in east, west and central china. the convenient city buses and taxies can carry you around the city. near the railway station, special tourist buses can take you to the tourist spots in the suburban areas of the city.
luoyang, a charming city filled with the fragrance of peonies and the primitive atmosphere of ancient civilization, is waiting and welcoming guests from all over the world. putting the city into the list of your exploration in china, you will get far more than what you expect.
the longmen grottos
the longmen grottos are on the yihe river bank, some 12 kilometers from ancient luoyang city, about 30 minutes drive. it is one of the three most important buddhist sculptures and carvings in china. the
longmen grottos enjoy a good location where two mountains confront each other between which flows the yihe river.
the grotto was first carved in north wei dynasty, over 1500 years ago and expanded through the succeeding east and west wei dynasties, north qi dynasty, north zhou dynasty, sui and tang dynasties and was finally completed in north song dynasty. over 500 years renovation and expansion have created the prestigious world cultural site. the most significant chiseling activities happened in the tang and north wei dynasties, which lasted over 150 years.
spanning a length of around 1 kilometer on the hillside along the yihe river, the niches resemble dozens of honeycombs dotting the area. there are about grottoes and niches, over 40 crematory urns, 3,600 inscribed stone tablets and over 100,000 buddhist images and statues. the largest one is 17 meters high while the smallest is a tiny as 2 cm. one third of the complex are works of the north wei dynasty. these masterpieces are the binyang cave, and lianhua( lotus cave). the impressive qianxi temple, fengxian temple, wanfo cave( ten thousand buddhist cave) are the highlights of the tang dynasts carvings. the longmen grottos are of great value in world sculpture history and it has been listed in the world cultural heritage site by the unesco. to protect such a valuable heritage site, the chinese government as well as some influential world cultural organizations are trying hard to share this site with the whole word. a large-scaled renovation was undertaken in xx to keep the grottos in good condition.
white horse temple
located at the 12 kilometers east of luoyang city, the white horse temple is one of the oldest buddhist temples in china and is renowned as the cradle of chinese buddhism. although it is not the largest nor the most beautiful buddhism monument in china, this temple with its large number of buddhism items housed there, is well worth a trip.
an interesting legend related to the temple goes that a white horse carried the first buddhist script from india here in ancient time hence the name white horse temple. history records that the site was original the place used by the second han emperor-liu zhuang as a summer resort and for study. in 68 ad, when buddhism reached its heyday in india, two indian monks brought buddhist scriptures to luoyang on the back of a white horse. the emperor, who was a devout buddhism believer, built the temple to house the scriptures and named it white horse temple. it was said that there were once thousands of monks living in the temple. it was even used as a refugee sanctuary during the social turmoil of wang mang in the eastern han dynasty.
the two monks who brought scriptures from india were buried here. many monks from outside china have visited the monk and many of them have spent the rest of their time in that temple. the famous tang dynasty monk-xuanzang started his 17 years long pilgrimage trip to indian from the temple. after returning, xuanzhang became the abbot of the white horse temple, where he disseminated the scriptures of buddhism for the rest of his life.
guanlin temple
at the end of guanlin nan lu, guanlin temple was built to commemorate the great general guanyu of the state of shu during the three kingdoms period. in the romance of three kingdoms, the shu general guanyu was defeated, captured and executed by sunquan, the ruler of the state of wu. fearing revenge from guanyu’s blood brother liubei who was the ruler of the state of shu, sunquan ordered to send guanyu’s head to caocao-ruler of wei in an attempt to deflect the responsibility for the death. caocao, however, was an admirer of guans loyalty and bravery. he ordered a wooden body be carved to accompany the head before guanyu was buried.
very little is known about when the temple was first built. the complex was developed during the ming dynasty and was underwent several renovation and expansion during the succeeding qing dynasty. its now comprised of halls, temples, pavilions and guans tomb. some valuable stone tablets with elegant calligraphies are also found here. the place is very popular among the locals who worship the valorous general by burning sticks of incense.
museum of ancient tombs
an interesting old saying goes that suzhou and hangzhou are good places to live, while luoyang is a good place to die. many of the ancient emperors, princes, generals and other public celebrities took this advice and left orders that they were to be buried in luoyang after their death. there are over 20 ancient tombs dating from the han dynasty to the north song dynasty. a museum was built at the site where many ancient tombs were excavated.
the museum is at the mang hill in the north suburb of the city, about 8 kilometers from the city center. covering an area of around 3 hectare, it has two parts: the underground and above ground parts. the above ground part contains a han-style gate, some halls. tomb models from the stone age to the han dynasty, restored funerary objects and funeral rituals are displayed in the eastern hall.
the underground section is a tomb groups site which is about 7 meters underground. there are north and south song dynasties hall, wei and jin dynasties hall, tang and song dynasties hall and a hall for refined items excavated from the tombs. many of the vividly painted murals, valuable relics and a number of pottery figures are on display here. visitors can also find the models of ancient tombs. 22 ancient tombs restored to their original styles are displayed here.
luoyang museum
luoyang served as the capitals for a long period of time. history has left the place a large number of historical rare relics. many of these rarely seem items can be found at the luoyang museum. the museum is located at the city center, very easy to find.
the museums exhibition center displays refined ancient items including bronze wares, ceramics, gold and silver artifacts and jade. these exhibitions offer a good illustration of the citys grand past.
luoyang peony
luoyang is renowned as: the city of peony. the city has long been famous for its beautiful peony flowers. peony, has been called the king of flowers for its gorgeous charm and unbelievably beauty. the flower has been a symbol of grace in china. ancient chinese poets once compared peony with the beautiful and elegant ladies and thought the two were equally pleasant to the eye.
luoyang has a long history of planting peony. peony growing began to prevail in the region in the ancient sui dynasty, over one thousand years ago. in the tang dynasty, many famous gardens for peony were built and peony was planted on a massive scale. luoyang became the countrys peony cultivation and trade center in the song dynasty. luoyang peony is international famous for the peony. luoyangs unique climate is well suited to its peony growing culture. luoyang is located in the temperate zone with favorable and humid climate all year around.
luoyang peony is well-known for its big flowers and many varieties. each year, in late spring when the peonies are in full blossom, thousands of visitors swarm to the city to enjoy the stunningly beautiful flowers. the international peony festival held here annually adds even more fame to luoyangs peony.
四年级导游词200字 四年级导游词观潮篇八
dear visitors and friends:
hello, everyone, i am a tour guide of the international travel agency, liu x, first of all, i welcome you to our travel agency.
all of this trip to the united kingdom will be accompanied by me, you can call me xiao liu according to age or call my name, we will provide you with the greatest enthusiasm for the service.
now i will introduce the situation in the uk.
united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, also known as britain, the british empire, is made up of england, scotland, welsh and northern ireland, the united kingdom, the main body is england, so the habit of saying the united kingdom.
located in western europe, it is a developed capitalist country.
the british empire refers to the empire by the british and the reign of the dominions, colonies, territory, trust and protection in together, is the history of the territorys largest countries and largest global colonial empire.
the empire reached its peak in early nineteenth century, about 4 to 500 million people, accounting for 1/4 of the worlds population at the time, about 33 million 670 thousand square kilometers of land, accounting for 1/4 of the total land area of the world.
following the sixteenth century kingdom of spain empire, known as the "empire of the sun".
the formation of the british empire was the result of trade, immigration and the conquest of force over the past 300 years.
there were also peaceful commercial and diplomatic activities during the period.
the united kingdom is a country with spanerse cultures and open mind.
art, music, culture, and food in the uk have been influenced by people and nations from all over the world, and have a long and close relationship with many countries.
the main tourist areas are: london, edinburgh, cardiff, brighton, greenwich, oxford and cambridge, stratford.
the main tourist attractions are: opera house, museum, art museum, ancient buildings, theme parks and shops, etc..
so the next few days, let us in the fog of the street, and the red bus passing, to feel the old aristocratic atmosphere and creativity of all the avant-garde.
【本文地址：http://www.pourbars.com/zuowen/2243212.html】
