2023年吐鲁番导游词简短(4篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2022-12-13 08:45:08
2023年吐鲁番导游词简短(4篇)
时间:2022-12-13 08:45:08 小编:zdfb

人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。

吐鲁番导游词简短篇一

新疆的吐鲁番有两座中国现存最完整的古城遗址,1961年被列为首批全国重点文物保护单位,分别是高昌故城和河故城,被称为吐鲁番盆地中一对风格不同的“姐妹城”。它们在经历了几千年的风风雨雨后,如今虽然只留下断壁残垣,然而当年高耸的城墙依然气势恢弘,深陷的护城河轮廓仍历历在目。下面让我们带着访古探胜的心情,先去参观一下高故城吧:

高昌故城的得名→高昌王国的历史

游客们,高昌故城位于吐鲁番以东45公里处的火焰山南麓,即木头沟河的三角洲地段,这座驰名中外的西域古都,曾先后为麴氏高昌王国和回鹘高昌王国的都城,历尽繁华,曾是古丝绸之路的必经之地和重要门户。在前往故城的途中,我先来介绍一下它的得名和历史。

高昌故城,维吾尔语中称为“亦都护城”,也就是“王城”的意思。《北史•高昌传》中称它因“地势高敞,人庶昌盛”而得名高昌。

据历史记载,高昌故城始建于公元前1世纪的西汉。当时称为“高昌壁”或“高昌垒”,汉、魏、晋历代都曾在此设立“戊己校尉”,管理屯田,抵御匈奴,故又名“戊己校尉城”。公元320__年,前凉张骏在此设置高昌郡,开创了西域郡县制的先河。高昌建国是在公元460年(北魏和平元年),车师国灭亡,柔然立阐氏伯周为王,称其国为高昌国,从而掀开了高昌王国的序幕。南北朝时期,这里诸王争霸,但国号仍为“高昌”。公元620__年,唐贞观年间,高昌王勾结西突厥截断丝绸之路,唐太宗派人平定了高昌王国,将高昌改称“西州”。公元9世纪末,由漠北西迁到此的回鹘人建立了回鹘高昌国,仍臣属中原王朝,史称“西州回鹘”或“高昌回鹘”。1220__年,高昌回鹘则顺成吉思汗,称“畏兀儿王国”。1283年,高昌城毁于战火,高昌回鹘王国灭亡,至此,高昌城被废。 纵观高昌故城的历史演变,历经1500多年,其间由盛及衰,演绎了一部西域部族的兴亡史。

高昌故城遗址→高昌的对外交流→高昌文化

游客们,现在我们来到了高昌故城遗址。只见残破的城墙全用黄土夯成,倘若登高展望,全城平面略呈不规则的正方形;分外城、内城、宫城三部分。布局似唐代的长安城。外城呈正方形,周长5.4公里,城墙最高处达11.5米,城基宽12米。内城居于外城正中,周长3600米,现仅存西墙980米,南墙850米。宫城居于外城城北。请看,前方那数座高3米至4米的土台称为“可汗堡”,就是原回鹊高昌的宫廷所在地。这里发掘出的绿色琉璃瓦、纹饰华丽的石柱础和巨幅的奏乐图精美壁画,记录了故都昔日的繁华。据史书记载,鼎盛时期的能城有12个门,市内房屋鳞次栉比,有作坊、市场、庙宇和居民区等建筑,总面积为200万平方米。密集的民居和市井坊肆建筑群,风格与交河故城相似,下挖为院,掏洞为室,不用木料,为吐鲁番一奇。

汉唐以来,高昌是连接中原、中亚、欧洲的枢纽,它既是经贸活动的集散地,又是世界宗教文化的荟萃地。当时波斯等 地的商人,从他们国家带来苜蓿、葡萄、香料、胡椒、宝石和骏马来到高昌城,又从这里带走中原的丝绸、瓷器、茶叶和造纸、火药、印刷术。与此同时,世界各地的宗教先后经高昌传入内地。当时的居民先后信奉佛教、景教和摩尼教,高昌成了世界古代宗教最活跃、最发达的地方。

高昌王国鼎盛时期;还孕育了丰富的高昌文化,成为高昌的珍贵遗产。麴氏高昌王国十任国王都是汉人,因此汉文化对高昌的影响显而易见。但高昌毕竟属于杂胡地带,车师、回鹘、突厥以至后来的吐蕃、蒙古等多民族杂居,因此当地人会数种语言,语种形态丰富而有趣。此外,高昌人的服饰也十分讲究,并擅长制作美食。驰名中外的高昌古乐,更是高昌人的骄傲,它以浓烈的异域风情和丰富的艺术语汇在汉唐时流行,被列入唐朝十部大乐之中,成为中西融合的文化瑰宝。可以这样理解,高昌故城的魅力,在于其深厚的文体底蕴,使之成为代表西域历史的典范和标本。

讲经堂遗址→唐僧玄奘与高昌

游客们,高昌故城废弃以后,被开垦为耕地,大部分地面建筑荡然无存,遗址保存较好的除城墙外,还有外城西南角的一座寺院,下面就让我们乘着“驴的”前往参观。

各位游客,请看这座大佛寺遗址,占地近1万平方米。仔细观察,这座佛寺的山门、讲经堂、大殿、藏经楼、僧舍等建筑布局,仍历历在目。从建筑特征和残存壁画上的联珠纹图分析,其建筑年代属麴氏高昌中期,约为隋代所建。

说起这座佛寺,鼎鼎大名的唐代高僧玄奘还曾到此讲过经。相传公元620__年(唐贞观三年),玄奘29岁时,为了提高佛学水平,不畏艰险,从长安出发西行,沿丝绸之路到佛国印度游学取经,历时20__年。由于玄类取经起初并未得到唐朝政府的支持,他只能夹在西域商人中出行,因为没有政府发给的公文,路上还曾受到缉拿。然而玄类在克服了重重困难以后,不仅从印度取得了佛经,而且返回故土,著书立说,纠正了国内僧侣对佛经种.种不正确的解释,成为最具声望的一代高僧。

回国后,玄奘的境遇与出国前迥然不同,他受到了唐朝政府的高度重视,唐高宗李治在为纪念母亲而建的慈恩寺内造了一座大雁塔,专门用来供放玄奘带回来的历7部佛经。玄奘在西行路上,途经伊吾(今哈密),当高昌王麴文泰得知东土大唐不远万里来了一位求法的高僧时,便派人把玄类请来,专门安排在王宫内居住,与玄奘结为兄弟。他还苦口婆心地劝说玄奘留在高昌当“国师”,但不能动摇玄类西行探求真经的坚志大愿。高昌王无奈,只好请玄类讲经一月后再走。

临行前,高昌王为玄奘写了24封致西域各国的通行文书,还赠送了马匹和25名仆役。出发那天,全城夹道相送,高昌王鞠义泰抱住大师失声励哭,亲自送至100公里外的交河城,才依依惜别。唐僧玄奘和高昌王麴文泰的故事为我们留下了一段舌古佳话,以致吴承恩的神话小说《西游记》中就有以火焰山等为场景而衍化出的美丽传奇。

各位游客,高昌故城的参观即将结束了。望着这屡经岁月剥蚀的故城,在领略它的古老、苍茫和凝重之余,您还将作何观感呢?“曾经的辉煌将永远让人铭记”,或许这就是历史给我们的启迪吧!

吐鲁番导游词简短篇二

各位游客:

欢迎大家来到吐鲁番。提起吐鲁番,人们就会情不自禁地想起“西部歌王”王洛宾,他那“吐鲁番的葡萄熟了,阿娜尔罕的心儿醉了”,美妙的歌词,动人的旋律,把我们带入了一个如诗如画的境界。下面就让我们走进吐鲁番,共同去感受一下它的神奇魅力吧!

吐鲁番的地理特点→气候特征

“最热、最低、最旱、最甜”,这是人们对吐鲁番的形象描述,也准确地概括了吐鲁番的地理和气候特点。

游客们,我们先来介绍一下吐鲁番的地理位置和地形特征。吐鲁番地区位于新疆维吾尔自治区的中部,东面与哈密接壤,西、南面与巴音郭楞接壤,西北距乌鲁木齐市183、公里,北面与昌吉毗邻。东西长约300公里,南北宽约240公里,面积6.四万平方公里,占全疆总面积的4.2%。地形特点是两山夹一盆,博格达山和库鲁克塔格山南北夹峙,中间是吐鲁番盆地。地区下辖二县一市,即都善县、托克逊县和吐鲁番市。总人口约52万。主要民族有维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、满、俄罗斯等。

吐鲁番盆地是天山东部一个东西横置的形如橄榄状的山间盆地,四周环山,北高南低,西宽东窄。由于距今约3000万年前的喜马拉雅造山运动,塑造了奇特多样的地质构造和地貌形态。北面有常年覆盖着皑皑白雪的海拔5445米的天山博格达峰,中部有横卧东西绵延100公里的赤热的火焰山,还有火焰山脉中闻名天下的7公里长的葡萄沟,最奇特的是低于海平面154米的盆底艾丁湖,是我国最低的盆地,在世界上也仅次子低于海平面391米的约旦死海,为世界第二低地。吐鲁番盆地集雪山、河谷、沙丘、湖泊为一体,犹如一幅巨型的风景画卷,让人驻足流连。

由于其独特的地理环境,吐鲁番成了中国夏季气温最高的地方,每年6—8月,这里平均气温为35℃一37℃之间,极端最高气温达49.6℃,而地表温度超过70℃,所以人们形容这里“沙窝里能烤熟鸡蛋,石板上能烙熟大饼”。当我们的汽车行驶穿梭在村庄里时,还可以看到这样新奇的现象,即家家户户的床都放在屋外,当地的居民就是这样来度过炎热的夏季的。因此从古到今人们把吐鲁番称为“火洲”也是恰如其分的。不过,尽管这里绝对温度很高,但昼夜温差较大,外加盆地中常刮大风,即使白天酷热难当,一旦太阳下山,夜幕降临, 气温也会逐渐凉爽下来。特别是春秋两季,温差更加明显,早 晚和中午,俨然两个季节,“早穿皮袄午穿纱”是吐鲁番盆地气候特点的真实写照。

吐鲁番干旱少雨,这里全年中几乎有10个月不见雨雪,年平均降水量为16.6毫米,但蒸发量却高达3000毫米。降水的季节,主要集中在夏季。由于雨量小、雨点粗、降水时间极短,因此,人们常以“干燥无雨”来形容吐鲁番盆地的气候。作为降水量一部分的降雪量在吐鲁番盆地更是稀少,市内冬季降雪平均不足2毫米。然而博格达峰的终年积雪却为盆地提供了无尽的水源,当地的人们通过开挖坎尔井,将雪山融水通过地下潜流引向地面,灌溉良田,孕育了生机盎然的沙漠绿洲。

封闭的盆地,稀薄的云量,强烈的太阳辐射,极高的气温,形成了丰富的热量资源。天高云淡的吐鲁番盆地,年日照时数达3000小时以上。丰富的热量资源,为瓜果、棉花等喜温作物提供了理想的生长环境。如驰名中外的吐鲁番葡萄就有20__多年的种植史,品种多达300余个,经检测,吐鲁番葡萄的含糖量高达22%一26%,超过含糖量最高的美国加利福尼亚葡萄(含糖量为20%),是世界上最甜的葡萄。

游客们,在介绍了吐鲁番的地理概况后,我们再来回顾一下它的历史:

吐鲁番,古称高昌、西州、火州,早在20__多年前的西汉时期,就成了西域地区的政治、经济和文化的中心,是古代丝绸之路上的著名重镇。当地车师人所建的车师前国曾在此称雄一时,两晋时这里是西域都护府所在地,建立了“高昌郡”。麴氏高昌王国灭亡后,唐朝在这里设置了“西州”。宋代漠北 回鹘人大举西迁,又建立了高昌王国。元明两代改设“火州”、“和州”。清设吐鲁番直隶厅。民国2年(公元1913年)设置吐鲁番县。1985年撤县设吐鲁番市。

吐鲁番还是新疆最早对外开放的地区之一。自汉唐以来,对外交流就十分频繁,来往于中原和印度、波斯、地中海沿岸的商人、僧侣、使节络绎不绝,给吐鲁番留下了许多美丽的传说。

游客们,来到吐鲁番,仿佛翻阅了一幅厚重的历史画卷。 这里有饱经战争沧桑的交河故城、高昌故城,还有精美绚丽的柏孜克里克干佛洞壁画,以及被誉为地下博物馆的阿斯塔那古墓群,伊斯兰风格古建筑苏公塔等……它们向人们展示着不同时代的历史风貌。

历史给吐鲁番留下的不仅仅是遗址,还有悠久的文化,这里的民俗风情浓郁多彩,这里的人们热情奔放,能歌善舞。倘若入夜在吐鲁番宾馆葡萄架下一边品尝瓜果,一边欣赏“麦西莱甫”晚会,一定会使您暑气尽消,心旷神怡。

游客们,吐鲁番的概况就向大家介到这里。或许有的游客要说,讲了半天,我还没有把“吐鲁番”三个字的汉语意思表达出来。是的,吐鲁番是突厥语,意为“富庶丰饶的地方”,听了名字的翻译再对照前面的介绍,您是否也有同样的感受呢?但愿吐鲁番这个美丽富饶的地方能给您的旅行增加更多的乐趣。

吐鲁番导游词简短篇三

dear tourists

when you come to turpan, people can't help but ask: how can there be largeoases in places with extremely dry climate, known as "huozhou" and "fengku"?what's the secret? the secret is the karez group distributed in xinjiang, whichis like the blood of human body, extending to the vast gobi and irrigating alarge area of xinjiang. the wonderful karez is also the most widely distributedin turpan, becoming the spring of life and the source of evergreen, wateringturpan's verdant grapes and sweet melons. now let's visit this world-famousirrigation project.

structure of karez → construction method of karez

tourists, now we come to karez paradise. first of all, please follow me tokarez museum to learn about the construction of karez.

karez is a kind of underground water spanersion project created by theworking people of all ethnic groups living in xinjiang according to the localclimate and hydrological characteristics. there are about 1600 karez inxinjiang, among which turpan is the most concentrated. according to statistics,there are 1158 karez in turpan, with a total length of about 5000 km, which isequivalent to the mileage from urumqi to harbin. karez is one of the greatestunderground water conservancy projects in ancient china. it is called"underground canal" by experts in geography. together with the great wall andbeijing hangzhou grand canal, it is called the three major projects in ancientchina.

you may have heard about karez, but its structure may not be very i'll introduce it to you. karez was called "jingqu" in ancient times, whichmeans "jingxue". it is composed of four parts: vertical shaft, undergroundchannel, open channel and waterlogging dam.

the reason why a large number of karez were built in turpan is inseparablefrom the natural conditions here. first of all, the terrain of turpan basin isvery low, with an area of 2085 square kilometers below sea level. turpan issurrounded by mountains. every year, a large amount of snow on the mountainsmelts and flows into the valley. when the snow water flows through the gobi, itseeps into the ground to form a subsurface flow, which provides a rich source ofwater for karez.

then how is the karez built? please see: the construction method of karezis to find the water source at the snow water undercurrent in the high mountainsand valleys, and then drill a vertical shaft every 20 to 30 meters, the depth ofthe shaft varies from 10 to tens of meters, to gather the groundwater toincrease the water potential, and then according to the terrain, dig anunderground channel at the bottom of the shaft to connect with each well, drainit straight down, and connect it to a distant place oasis, water will be led outfrom the open channel to the ground for irrigation. waterlogging dam is areservoir for regulating water quantity. a karez is generally about 3 km long,and the longest one is usually several karez connected for tens or even hundredsof kilometers, in which there are at least dozens of shafts and more than 300shafts. the shaft in the upstream is relatively deep, up to 100 meters in somecases, and the shaft in the downstream is relatively shallow, generally only afew meters. the function of karez is to avoid water evaporation. this project isa great innovation to adapt to the characteristics of dry climate. what isparticularly praiseworthy is that the local people rely on their hands andsimple tools to dig deep wells and underground canals. the vastness of theproject and the ingenious structure are amazing.

i would like you to recall that when we drove near turpan city, we couldsee piles of round earth bags down the slope on the gobi outside the lush oasis,extending to the oasis in an orderly way. those are the vertical wellheads ofkarez. if you look down from high altitude, those mounds are like necklaces tiedwith pearls, decorating turpan, an ancient but still youthful place.

reasons for the construction of karez → origin of karez tour guide ofxinjiang general situation tour guide of putaogou in turpan tour guide of niyasite

now let's talk about the reasons for the construction of karez. due to thedrought and less rain in xinjiang, the amount of evaporation is large, and thekarez is an underground channel for water delivery, with small evaporation andstable flow, which can be irrigated by gravity all the year round. in addition,the soil here is calcareous clay, so the dug karez is very solid and not easy tocollapse. the temperature of snow water in high mountains is very low, if directirrigation is unfavorable to the growth of crops, while the surface temperaturein turpan is very high, the temperature rises naturally after snow water flowsthrough karez, which is very suitable for watering crops. therefore, in thelong-term struggle against drought, people of all ethnic groups in xinjianginvented this method of digging wells and irrigating fields. a karez is a freshspring that is not dry. it forms the lifeline and lifeline of huozhou, whichmakes xinjiang, a place with little rainfall, accumulate water and become anindispensable spring of life in xinjiang people's life.

there are always three theories about the origin of turpan karez: one isthe theory of guanzhong well canal in han dynasty. this view holds that the"well canal method" invented by people in han dynasty was introduced intoxinjiang and developed into karez now. the second is related to lin zexu. afterlin zexu was exiled to xinjiang in the late qing dynasty, he went through turpanin 1845 and found that it was hot and rainy. so he carefully checked the terrainand water sources, and guided the people of xinjiang to invent this method ofdigging wells and irrigating fields according to their own geographicalcharacteristics. the third view is that karez was first created by the persiansin western asia 2500 years ago and later passed down to xinjiang. of course,these three views need to be verified.

but what i want to tell you is that the distribution of karez on the earthis connected with the silk road, which connects eastern and western have been found in pakistan, iran and along the caspian sea. therefore, itis no exaggeration to say that karez is a pearl in the world cultural today, karez still plays an important role in the agricultural developmentof turpan, xinjiang.

karez open channel → karez culvert

after visiting the karez museum and walking out of the museum, you can seethe clear spring beside the road. this is the pure snow mountain water flowingout of the karez canal. it is crystal clear. if you reach for it, you will feelcool. it's really "crystal clear and cool".

the underdrain of karez can only be seen when you enter the cave. you canonly see the water gurgling in the underdrain, which makes you feel very are thousands of such wells and canals in xinjiang. the total length ofthe underground rivers is twice as long as that of the great wall, and far morethan that of the beijing hangzhou grand canal.

tourists, today's karez is not only an important water conservancyfacility, but also a great cultural landscape for chinese and foreign particular, a folk song and dance performance full of xinjiang uygur strongcustoms in karez paradise will make you feel restless. the bright rhythm, lightmelody and passionate mood make you join them while enjoying. you can't helpsinging and dancing like uygur girls and young men, and feel the pure fun ofthis song and dance hometown.

ladies and gentlemen, the melodious singing in karez paradise has alreadybeen sung. now, please go to enjoy it!

吐鲁番导游词简短篇四

各位游客:

众所周知,全国最热点的地方是吐鲁番,而吐鲁番最热的是方当推火焰山。荒山秃岭、寸草不生的火焰山,夏季最高气温达47.8℃以上。每当盛夏,红日当头,地气蒸腾,烟云缭绕,十分壮观。

火焰山的得名→山体特色

游客们,透过车窗,我们看到前方那座东西,犹如火龙横卧在吐鲁番盆地中央的赫红色山体就是焰山。

火焰山的得名,主要源于其外观形态。瞧!火焰山基岩裸露,赤褐色的砂岩在烈日的照耀下灼灼发光,炽热的气流滚滚上升,宛如万道烈焰熊熊燃烧,“火焰山”之名,即由此而来,火焰山在古书上称为赤石山,维吾尔语中称它为“克孜勒塔格”,意思是红山。唐代诗人岑参次经过火焰山,写下了“火山突兀赤亭口,火山五月火云厚。火山满山凝未开,飞鸟千里。不敢来”的诗句。明代旅行家陈诚也曾写诗描述道:“一片青烟一片红,炎炎气焰欲烧空。春光末半浑如夏,谁道西方有祝融。”可以称得上是对火焰山的生动写照。

火焰山的山体呈东西走向的狭长状,全长98公里,南北宽9公里。一般高度500米左右,最高峰为831.7米。别看火焰山外表寸草不生,由于地壳运动断裂与河水切割,在山体处,却隐藏着许多道浓阴蔽日、田园如画的沟坎峡谷,著名有葡萄沟、吐峪沟、桃儿沟、木头沟、胜金口峡谷等。在这些谷中,溪涧萦回,瓜果飘香,花木葱茏,景色迷人,俨然一派“火洲”中的“花果坞”景象。

火焰山的形成→最佳观察点胜金口

或许有的游客会问:火焰山是怎样形成的?距今已有多少年的历史了?对这两个问题的回答要追溯到1.4亿年前,当时由于天山东部博格达山坡前山带出现短小的褶皱,地壳发生变化,喜马拉雅造山运动后,逐渐形成了山脉的雏形。此后历了漫长的地质岁月,跨越了侏罗纪、白垩纪和第三纪几个地质年代,加上特殊的气候环境,就呈现出如今的地质形状。

游客们,前面就是观察火焰山构造的最佳位置胜金口,请各位下车,在有“火焰山”标志的石座前摄影留念,然后再听我讲解。

胜金口西距吐鲁番市30公里,连接新疆与内地的312国道,依傍木头沟河横切火焰山而过。胜金口山势险峻,自古以来就是兵家必争之地。关于胜金口的名字,还有这么一段来历:从前当地的老百姓把胜金口叫做“渗尽口”,那是因为木头沟河水流出天山后,越来越少,到了胜金口一带的戈壁滩,河水几乎渗得干干净净,因此称它为“渗尽口”。后来人们觉得这个名字不太吉利,便取其谐音改名为“胜金口”,于是一直沿用至今。

火焰山的故事:《西游记》神话→维吾尔民间传说游客们,火焰山的得名,不仅由于它独特的外观构造,其充满传奇色彩的神话故事也给它披上了一层神秘的面纱。

《西游记》唐僧师徒西天取经受阻火焰山,孙悟空智斗铁扇公主的故事就是其中之一。《西游记》第五十九回和第六十回“唐三藏路阻火焰山,孙行者三调芭蕉扇”中写道:“西方路上有个斯哈哩国,乃日落之处,俗呼‘天尽头’。这里有座火焰山,无春无秋,四季皆热。那火焰山有八百里火焰,四周围寸草不生。若过得山,就是铜脑壳,铁身躯,也要化成汁哩。”这段描述虽系夸张,但四季皆热、寸草不生这些基本特征,与火焰山的实际状况完全吻合,可见作者不是凭空臆造的。

在老百姓的眼里,善是最高的美,因而发生在火焰山的故事结局仍是正义必将战胜邪恶,这在维吾尔族民间传说中有了详尽的表述。相传在很早以前,天山深处有条恶龙,专吃童男童女,为此人们惶恐不安。当地的最高首领决心为民除害,屠杀恶龙,于是派一位名叫哈拉和卓的勇士去降伏恶龙。经过一番惊心动魄的激战,哈拉和卓挥剑力劈恶龙,终于将恶龙制服,恶龙受伤后沿山旋转,整座山脉被鲜血染成了红色,因此,维吾尔人便把此山叫做“红山”。

美好的传说,深刻的含义,令人遐想。游客们,当我们面对火焰山,停步仁立,凝思遥想,一定会觉得火焰山的奇景赏不够,火焰山的故事听不完。为使大家不留下遗憾,接下去游览高昌故城、柏孜克里克千佛洞等景点,都要从火焰山旁经过,因此我们可以从不同方位充分观赏到火焰山的奇姿异彩。但愿火焰山之行能给您留下美好的回忆。

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